Thesis: Global warming has a wide range of negative effects on the physical, biological and social environment and also regional impacts.
natural: flood
ecological, biological
human health (flood --- disease) and economy
0) Intrduction:
-Influence of the man on global warming
-scientific forecasts on global warming
1) Effects of global warming on the physical environment:
-Ice melting on the polos
-Rising of sea level and consenquently, flooding of coastal cities
-Ocean acidification and ocean temperature rising which can lead to the death of many species.
-Effects on wheather: increasing of the frequency of heavy precipitation events and others extremes events such as tropical cyclone activity and drought.
-More earthquakes
2) Effects of global warming on the social environment:
-Effects on food supply: the climate changes and the increasing of extreme events will impact the agricultural production.
-Health problems: climate changes, including changes in climate variability, can affect many vector-borne infections. Extreme events (such as storms, floods, tsunamis) related with the climate changes can cause deaths and injuries and population displacement. The increasing of hot waves can lead to the death of many people. -
3) Effects of global warming on biological environment
-
-
-
-
4) Regional impacts of global warming
-Impacts will be different depend on the region of the planet (for exemple: some places will suffer with severe drought while others will sufer with floods)
-Some coutries/places are more vunerable to climate changes
The website from where this text was retrieved is the Nasa's official website. The informations are reliable because Nasa is an important governamental agency and also because the main reference used in this text is the 4ª IPCC report. IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body which is responsible for studies and forecasts regarding global warming and the effects of the climate changes. IPCC is the most important and reliable agency in global warming research.
The text from Nasa is currency because is based on the last IPCC report. The information in text is also related to the research topic because it explains the effecst of global warming.
The web source is reliable because it is from EPA, the United States Evironmental Protection Agency, one of the most important Evironmental Governamental Agency in the world. Besides the text also uses the IPCC report (2007) as the main reference.
The infomation is currency because it was updated in 2010.
The information in text is also related to the research topic because it explains the main causes of Global warming.
The web source is reliable because it is from EPA, the United States Evironmental Protection Agency, one of the most important Evironmental Governamental Agency in the world. Besides the text also uses the IPCC report (2007) as the main reference.
The infomation is currency because it was updated in 2010.
The information in text is also related to the research topic because it talks about the main point of the research paper: consequences of Global warming.
5. Find 2 academic sources from Google Scholar (2%) Oct 10
2) IPCC, [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G. K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley]. (2012). Summary for Policymakers: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA. pp. 1-19. Retrieved from: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B1gFp6Ioo3akYklZcWkwWHJud00/edit?pli=1
3) IPCC, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson. (2007). Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA. Retrieved from: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html
Thesis: Global warming has a wide range of negative effects on the natural environment and also in human health and economy.
natural: flood ecological, biological human health (flood --- disease) and economy
0) Intrduction: -What is global warming -Influence of the man on global warming -scientific forecasts on global warming
1) Effects of global warming on the natural environment. -Ice melting on the polos -Rising of sea level and consenquently, flooding of coastal cities -Ocean acidification and ocean temperature rising which can lead to the death of many species. -Effects on wheather: increasing of the frequency of heavy precipitation events and others extremes events such as tropical cyclone activity and drought. -More earthquakes -Impacts will be different depend on the region of the planet (for exemple: some places will suffer with severe drought while others will sufer with floods) -Some coutries/places are more vunerable to climate changes
2) Effects of global warming in human health and economy: -Effects on food supply: the climate changes and the increasing of extreme events will impact the agricultural production. -Health problems: climate changes, including changes in climate variability, can affect many vector-borne infections. Extreme events (such as storms, floods, tsunamis) related with the climate changes can cause deaths and injuries and population displacement. The increasing of hot waves can lead to the death of many people.
7. Write and edit your draft (90%) Oct 15-19
Using natural resources is not a recent issue. Since the beginning of times the human extracts resources from nature such as water, wood, plants and rocks to feed himself and build things. It is normal because the human like any other animal needs these resources to survive. However, it was since the Industrial Revolution that the human being started to use natural resources rampantly and to pollute the environment. Only nowadays - almost 300 years after - people have started to realize all the damage they have done and still are doing to the environment. Now people are really concerned about one huge environmental problem: the Global Warming. According to EPA, Global warming can be defined as “an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns” (EPA, 2007). There are several possible causes for the global warming but most people and scientists agree that the human actions are responsible for it. This abnormal warming of the atmosphere is frequently referred as the result of the emission of greenhouse gases generated by human activities. Despite most people are aware about the warming, they continue to burn fossil fuels, increase the agricultural production and to cut down the forests around the world (EPA, 2010). And these are just some examples of the wide range of human activities that account for the increasing of the concentration of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere and consequently to the global warming. In a short future, people will have to face the consequences of it. It is a fact that global warming has a wide range of negative effects on the natural systems and human systems.
According to the scientist’s forecasts, there will be a lot of consequences of global warming in the natural systems. One of these effects – and probably the most well-known – is the melting of glaciers. In fact, this is already happening and the tendency for the future is to aggravate the situation. For example, satellites data show that since the seventies, the annual growth of Arctic ice is decreasing approximately 2,7% per decade (IPCC, 2007). Both snow cover and mountain glaciers have decreased in the north and south hemispheres since the middle of the XX century (IPCC, 2007). Famous tourists places that used to have beautiful glaciers in the past, such as Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Glacier Natural Park in US and Columbia Glacier in Alaska, are now suffering with the melting of the ice (Al Gore, 2006). In order to give the complete scenario, this ice melting – together with the ocean temperature rise which is another consequence of global warming – also triggers another negative consequence: sea level rise that can eventually lead to the flooding of coastal cities (IPCC, 2007). It is important to notice that glaciers store a huge amount of water. Once they start to melt, all this water will flow into the oceans and, consequently, contribute to the rise of sea level. Nevertheless, it should not be forgotten that the increase of the ocean’s temperature also accounts for this phenomenon, once that the ocean’s water expands when it gets warmer (IPCC, 2001). According to IPCC, the probable effects of the sea level rise are the flooding of coastal cities and coastal erosion.
Another impact of global warming in natural systems is the change in the weather, especially the increasing of the incidence of extreme events (IPCC, 2007). As previously mentioned, the first direct impact of global warming is the increase of the temperature which is also an impact on the weather. The second impact is about the precipitation patterns: “changes in precipitation patterns have been observed in the amount, intensity, frequency, and type of precipitation" (Karl, 2009).The increase of heavy precipitation events was observed in many places around the world, for example (Karl, 2009). The third important change is regarding the raise of the incidence extreme events such as tropical cyclones, severe droughts and heat waves which are likely to happen in the future (Karl, 2009). It is also important to emphasize that these changes on the weather will be different depending on the place. For example, while some cities will begin to suffer with severe droughts, others will face strong floods events (IPCC, 2007). Though the effects of global warming in natural systems are very important, it is also necessary to be aware about the effects in the human systems. The first important effect is regarding the food production. According to scientists, is likely that the global warming will impact the agriculture in the future. Because of the increase of the temperature, crop productivity may reduce in regions of lower latitudes, which can lead to famine in places where the population depends on the agricultural production to survive (IPCC, 2007). On the contrary, in places of higher latitudes the crop productivity might increase once the temperature rises (IPCC, 2007). Others impacts of global warming in human systems are concerning the human health. First, it is important to understand that the weather is very relevant to people’s health. Just small changes in the climate patterns that people are accustomed can lead to increase of incidence of diseases and deaths (EPA, 2010). As previously stated, is likely that global warming will cause the raise of extreme events or changes in their intensity in some places and the consequences of it to human health can be quite serious. For example, due to higher frequency of heat waves, disorders like dehydration and heat stroke will be more frequent especially in northern latitudes where the people are more vulnerable to hot temperatures (EPA, 2010). Another example is about the effects of the changes on precipitation patterns. The increase of the frequency or of the intensity of storms in some places will cause injuries or even the death of a lot of people (EPA, 2010). Furthermore, these events of heavy rains can affect people’s lives and health in others ways once they can decrease the availability of food and water and also spread intestinal and stomach diseases in which the water is the primary mean of contamination (EPA, 2010). Nevertheless, instead of suffer with floods generated by these strong rains, some places will face severe droughts which can also cause several problems to the population’s health. Because of the increase of the droughts, the levels of malnutrition, deaths and also infectious and respiratory illness will probably rise, especially in poor countries (IPCC, 2007).
In conclusion, it is important to emphasize that the global warming is a reality and people have to face it. In addition, it can’t be forgotten that the human is the responsible for that phenomenon once it is him that emits the greenhouse gases which are the cause for it. As previously stated, the consequences of the global warming are quite serious and involve not only natural systems but also human systems. Furthermore, people should realize that these negative effects are starting to happen in the present and that the tendency for the future is to get even worse. Thus, the human should not only limit the emissions of GHG in order to prevent the future consequences but also must to adapt to the changes that are happening now and unfortunately can’t be prevented anymore. Finally, it is fundamental to be aware that to combat the global warming is a duty of all people, governments and countries and also of the Unit Nation. Only by uniting forces, the human will be able to stop the global warming. summary This article talk about the global warming gives the natural and human being some harmful effects. The author through some facts of the scientist's research explain what negative influences by the global warming, and give some typical instances explain the facts. First, the author explain the global warming bring the negative effects for human. Such as the global warming causes the glacier melting, this result lead to the flood. The author also give some specific date state this consequence rely on the scientist's research. Furthermore, the author depends on the study give some facts of bad for human's health. For instance, global warming make the temperature increase, and bring some others diseases for people. Second, the author speaks of global warming has some harmful influences of the nature. Especially the bad results to crops, because the rise of temperature lead to the crops' yield decline, and even make people to die for lack of the food.
Critical Commentary
This paper talk about some harmful effects of global warming, the author in this research give two typical sides explain the negative influences: human system and natural system. Begin the research, the author give a good introduction for this paper, so this research has a clear thesis.there are two body paragraphs explain the negative effects, and the first sentences of every body paragraph talk about the thesis' information. There is a pretty good structure of the paper. For example, the author she gives more specific dates and facts rely on the scientist's research explain the harmful effect of the nature in the first body paragraphs, but in the second paragraphs, the author explain the negative effects for the human lack of some fact. The author should give more instances to this body paragraphs. Shortage is the author uses some repeat words in the paper, such as "consequence" , "right now in the present", so the author should use others similar words replace them will be better. In short, this research is very good, because this research has the clear points, supporting details, and the logical ideas in every body paragraphs.
Steps to writing a research essay
1. Choose a topic (Oct 4) -> Effects of Global Warming
Effects of global warming on Prezi
2. Post a working outline (2%) Oct 5
Thesis: Global warming has a wide range of negative effects on the physical, biological and social environment and also regional impacts.
natural: flood
ecological, biological
human health (flood --- disease) and economy
0) Intrduction:
-Influence of the man on global warming
-scientific forecasts on global warming
1) Effects of global warming on the physical environment:
-Ice melting on the polos
-Rising of sea level and consenquently, flooding of coastal cities
-Ocean acidification and ocean temperature rising which can lead to the death of many species.
-Effects on wheather: increasing of the frequency of heavy precipitation events and others extremes events such as tropical cyclone activity and drought.
-More earthquakes
2) Effects of global warming on the social environment:
-Effects on food supply: the climate changes and the increasing of extreme events will impact the agricultural production.
-Health problems: climate changes, including changes in climate variability, can affect many vector-borne infections. Extreme events (such as storms, floods, tsunamis) related with the climate changes can cause deaths and injuries and population displacement. The increasing of hot waves can lead to the death of many people.
-
3) Effects of global warming on biological environment
-
-
-
-
4) Regional impacts of global warming
-Impacts will be different depend on the region of the planet (for exemple: some places will suffer with severe drought while others will sufer with floods)
-Some coutries/places are more vunerable to climate changes
3. Find keywords (1%) Oct 5
4. Find and evaluate 2-3 web sources (3%) Oct 9
1) NASA. (2007). The current and future consequences of global change. Retrieved from: http://climate.nasa.gov/effects/
The website from where this text was retrieved is the Nasa's official website. The informations are reliable because Nasa is an important governamental agency and also because the main reference used in this text is the 4ª IPCC report. IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body which is responsible for studies and forecasts regarding global warming and the effects of the climate changes. IPCC is the most important and reliable agency in global warming research.
The text from Nasa is currency because is based on the last IPCC report. The information in text is also related to the research topic because it explains the effecst of global warming.
2) Al Gore. (2006). An Inconvenient Truth. Retrieved form: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hFxG-8I0Go&playnext=1&list=PL1A6E2D304D264F58&feature=results_main
http://vimeo.com/16335777
3) EPA. (2010). Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/sources.html
The web source is reliable because it is from EPA, the United States Evironmental Protection Agency, one of the most important Evironmental Governamental Agency in the world. Besides the text also uses the IPCC report (2007) as the main reference.
The infomation is currency because it was updated in 2010.
The information in text is also related to the research topic because it explains the main causes of Global warming.
4) EPA. (2010). Climate Change Impacts and Adapting to Change. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/
The web source is reliable because it is from EPA, the United States Evironmental Protection Agency, one of the most important Evironmental Governamental Agency in the world. Besides the text also uses the IPCC report (2007) as the main reference.
The infomation is currency because it was updated in 2010.
The information in text is also related to the research topic because it talks about the main point of the research paper: consequences of Global warming.
5. Find 2 academic sources from Google Scholar (2%) Oct 10
1) IPCC. (2007). Synthesis Report: An Assesment of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved from: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf
2) IPCC, [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G. K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley]. (2012). Summary for Policymakers: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA. pp. 1-19. Retrieved from: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B1gFp6Ioo3akYklZcWkwWHJud00/edit?pli=1
3) IPCC, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson. (2007). Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA. Retrieved from: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html
4) IPCC. (2001). Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved from:
http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_tar/?src=/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/013.htm#b4
5) Karl. (2009). Global Climate Change
http://www.globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientific-assessments/us-impacts/full-report/global-climate-change
6. Revise your outline (2%) Oct 12
Thesis: Global warming has a wide range of negative effects on the natural environment and also in human health and economy.
natural: flood
ecological, biological
human health (flood --- disease) and economy
0) Intrduction:
-What is global warming
-Influence of the man on global warming
-scientific forecasts on global warming
1) Effects of global warming on the natural environment.
-Ice melting on the polos
-Rising of sea level and consenquently, flooding of coastal cities
-Ocean acidification and ocean temperature rising which can lead to the death of many species.
-Effects on wheather: increasing of the frequency of heavy precipitation events and others extremes events such as tropical cyclone activity and drought.
-More earthquakes
-Impacts will be different depend on the region of the planet (for exemple: some places will suffer with severe drought while others will sufer with floods)
-Some coutries/places are more vunerable to climate changes
2) Effects of global warming in human health and economy:
-Effects on food supply: the climate changes and the increasing of extreme events will impact the agricultural production.
-Health problems: climate changes, including changes in climate variability, can affect many vector-borne infections. Extreme events (such as storms, floods, tsunamis) related with the climate changes can cause deaths and injuries and population displacement. The increasing of hot waves can lead to the death of many people.
7. Write and edit your draft (90%) Oct 15-19
Using natural resources is not a recent issue. Since the beginning of times the human extracts resources from nature such as water, wood, plants and rocks to feed himself and build things. It is normal because the human like any other animal needs these resources to survive. However, it was since the Industrial Revolution that the human being started to use natural resources rampantly and to pollute the environment. Only nowadays - almost 300 years after - people have started to realize all the damage they have done and still are doing to the environment. Now people are really concerned about one huge environmental problem: the Global Warming. According to EPA, Global warming can be defined as “an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns” (EPA, 2007). There are several possible causes for the global warming but most people and scientists agree that the human actions are responsible for it. This abnormal warming of the atmosphere is frequently referred as the result of the emission of greenhouse gases generated by human activities. Despite most people are aware about the warming, they continue to burn fossil fuels, increase the agricultural production and to cut down the forests around the world (EPA, 2010). And these are just some examples of the wide range of human activities that account for the increasing of the concentration of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere and consequently to the global warming. In a short future, people will have to face the consequences of it. It is a fact that global warming has a wide range of negative effects on the natural systems and human systems.
According to the scientist’s forecasts, there will be a lot of consequences of global warming in the natural systems. One of these effects – and probably the most well-known – is the melting of glaciers. In fact, this is already happening and the tendency for the future is to aggravate the situation. For example, satellites data show that since the seventies, the annual growth of Arctic ice is decreasing approximately 2,7% per decade (IPCC, 2007). Both snow cover and mountain glaciers have decreased in the north and south hemispheres since the middle of the XX century (IPCC, 2007). Famous tourists places that used to have beautiful glaciers in the past, such as Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Glacier Natural Park in US and Columbia Glacier in Alaska, are now suffering with the melting of the ice (Al Gore, 2006). In order to give the complete scenario, this ice melting – together with the ocean temperature rise which is another consequence of global warming – also triggers another negative consequence: sea level rise that can eventually lead to the flooding of coastal cities (IPCC, 2007). It is important to notice that glaciers store a huge amount of water. Once they start to melt, all this water will flow into the oceans and, consequently, contribute to the rise of sea level. Nevertheless, it should not be forgotten that the increase of the ocean’s temperature also accounts for this phenomenon, once that the ocean’s water expands when it gets warmer (IPCC, 2001). According to IPCC, the probable effects of the sea level rise are the flooding of coastal cities and coastal erosion.
Another impact of global warming in natural systems is the change in the weather, especially the increasing of the incidence of extreme events (IPCC, 2007). As previously mentioned, the first direct impact of global warming is the increase of the temperature which is also an impact on the weather. The second impact is about the precipitation patterns: “changes in precipitation patterns have been observed in the amount, intensity, frequency, and type of precipitation" (Karl, 2009).The increase of heavy precipitation events was observed in many places around the world, for example (Karl, 2009). The third important change is regarding the raise of the incidence extreme events such as tropical cyclones, severe droughts and heat waves which are likely to happen in the future (Karl, 2009). It is also important to emphasize that these changes on the weather will be different depending on the place. For example, while some cities will begin to suffer with severe droughts, others will face strong floods events (IPCC, 2007).
Though the effects of global warming in natural systems are very important, it is also necessary to be aware about the effects in the human systems. The first important effect is regarding the food production. According to scientists, is likely that the global warming will impact the agriculture in the future. Because of the increase of the temperature, crop productivity may reduce in regions of lower latitudes, which can lead to famine in places where the population depends on the agricultural production to survive (IPCC, 2007). On the contrary, in places of higher latitudes the crop productivity might increase once the temperature rises (IPCC, 2007). Others impacts of global warming in human systems are concerning the human health. First, it is important to understand that the weather is very relevant to people’s health. Just small changes in the climate patterns that people are accustomed can lead to increase of incidence of diseases and deaths (EPA, 2010). As previously stated, is likely that global warming will cause the raise of extreme events or changes in their intensity in some places and the consequences of it to human health can be quite serious. For example, due to higher frequency of heat waves, disorders like dehydration and heat stroke will be more frequent especially in northern latitudes where the people are more vulnerable to hot temperatures (EPA, 2010). Another example is about the effects of the changes on precipitation patterns. The increase of the frequency or of the intensity of storms in some places will cause injuries or even the death of a lot of people (EPA, 2010). Furthermore, these events of heavy rains can affect people’s lives and health in others ways once they can decrease the availability of food and water and also spread intestinal and stomach diseases in which the water is the primary mean of contamination (EPA, 2010). Nevertheless, instead of suffer with floods generated by these strong rains, some places will face severe droughts which can also cause several problems to the population’s health. Because of the increase of the droughts, the levels of malnutrition, deaths and also infectious and respiratory illness will probably rise, especially in poor countries (IPCC, 2007).
In conclusion, it is important to emphasize that the global warming is a reality and people have to face it. In addition, it can’t be forgotten that the human is the responsible for that phenomenon once it is him that emits the greenhouse gases which are the cause for it. As previously stated, the consequences of the global warming are quite serious and involve not only natural systems but also human systems. Furthermore, people should realize that these negative effects are starting to happen in the present and that the tendency for the future is to get even worse. Thus, the human should not only limit the emissions of GHG in order to prevent the future consequences but also must to adapt to the changes that are happening now and unfortunately can’t be prevented anymore. Finally, it is fundamental to be aware that to combat the global warming is a duty of all people, governments and countries and also of the Unit Nation. Only by uniting forces, the human will be able to stop the global warming.
summary
This article talk about the global warming gives the natural and human being some harmful effects. The author through some facts of the scientist's research explain what negative influences by the global warming, and give some typical instances explain the facts. First, the author explain the global warming bring the negative effects for human. Such as the global warming causes the glacier melting, this result lead to the flood. The author also give some specific date state this consequence rely on the scientist's research. Furthermore, the author depends on the study give some facts of bad for human's health. For instance, global warming make the temperature increase, and bring some others diseases for people. Second, the author speaks of global warming has some harmful influences of the nature. Especially the bad results to crops, because the rise of temperature lead to the crops' yield decline, and even make people to die for lack of the food.
Critical Commentary
This paper talk about some harmful effects of global warming, the author in this research give two typical sides explain the negative influences: human system and natural system. Begin the research, the author give a good introduction for this paper, so this research has a clear thesis.there are two body paragraphs explain the negative effects, and the first sentences of every body paragraph talk about the thesis' information. There is a pretty good structure of the paper. For example, the author she gives more specific dates and facts rely on the scientist's research explain the harmful effect of the nature in the first body paragraphs, but in the second paragraphs, the author explain the negative effects for the human lack of some fact. The author should give more instances to this body paragraphs. Shortage is the author uses some repeat words in the paper, such as "consequence" , "right now in the present", so the author should use others similar words replace them will be better. In short, this research is very good, because this research has the clear points, supporting details, and the logical ideas in every body paragraphs.
By: Echo